Pink Borage

Photo by Gayla Trail  All Rights Reserved

I’ve never been able to determine why borage (Borago officinalis) flowers, which are typically blue, sometimes turn pink. Some books mention the possibility of pink and even white flowers but don’t account for why they appear.

I don’t think it is related to soil pH as is the case with some flowers.

Could it be fertility? I’ve been amending and improving on the soil at my community garden for years and am noticing more borage flowers this year than ever before.

This leads to the possibility of weather as a factor since it’s been unseasonably cool and rainy around here. But then again, it was awfully rainy last year and I don’t remember spotting any pink flowers at m plot.

Photo by Gayla Trail  All Rights Reserved

Borage has been self-seeding in my community garden plot for as long as I’ve had it, most likely inherited from Peter, the gardener that came before me. Plenty of little seedlings come up around the plot but I don’t find it to be as aggressive as dill, feverfew, or artemisia. Do not get me started on the invasive nature plant! We’ve been locking horns for years and the artemisia always comes out on top.

Every year I let most of the plants grow to a certain size before I start culling. Borage tends to fair better in poor soils. The borage at my community plot have grown taller and lankier as I’ve improved the fertility of the soil. I let the stockiest plants with the thickest stems stay put as long as they’re not in a spot predestined for something more important like a tomato, zucchini, or pepper. Some plants have grown to be taller than me with stems as thick as 2″ or more!

Photo by Gayla Trail  All Rights Reserved

I add the flowers to salads and drinks, and sometimes eat the very young, most tender leaves raw. Many books suggest adding the chopped leaves, which have a slight cucumber flavor, to cream cheese but I have never tried this.

The best recipe I have been able to come up with for the pricklier leaves and stems are fritters. To make them simply make up a batter, add chopped onion and borage leaves and fry spoon-sized dollops in hot canola oil. You can quickly blanch the leaves and stems if they seem too hard.

Borage is also an anti-inflammatory that is sometimes used in beauty products such as creams and toners to treat skin conditions.

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Hibiscus Drink

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The rooftop garden is finally set up for outdoor living and the heat has suddenly cranked up, which means it’s summer drink time. I’ve taken to making up bright red batches of roselle, aka sorrel (not to be confused with the cold hardy herb Rumex acetosa), a tangy and refreshing ginger infused hibiscus drink popular in the West Indies. I first learned how to make the Mexican version, agua de jamaica, about 10 years ago on a trip to Oaxaca City, but prefer the addition of ginger for extra zip.

Photo by Gayla Trail  All Rights Reserved

Whatever the name, both drinks are made using the flower calyces of the tropical, heat-loving plant Hibiscus sabdariffa. About the closest climate for growing is Florida, so the drink doesn’t exactly qualify as local eating way up here in Toronto. If you’re making it in a tropical country then you’ll have access to fresh flower parts, but here in Toronto we’ve got a large Caribbean community so it’s easy enough to find packages of dried flowers in West Indian food shops. I get mine from a store that’s only a block away.

Optional variations on the drink include adding fizzy water (we like this best), orange zest, cloves, lime, or a couple of shots of rum to make rum punch.

Ingredients

  • 1 cup hibiscus calyces (dried or fresh)
  • 1 tablespoon chopped, fresh ginger
  • 1 tablespoon cane sugar, honey, or agave syrup (or to taste)
  • 4 cups hot water

Method

  1. Steep hibiscus calyces, ginger, and sugar in hot water for several hours.
  2. Once cooled, place in the fridge and continue to steep for as little or as long as you prefer (up to 2 days).
  3. Strain out the plant parts and serve with ice.

Makes approx. 4 cups.

More Summertime Drinks

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Spring Ramps

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Ramps, aka wild leeks, are a wild North American onion-like plant that pop up in forested areas in early-mid spring. The season for ramps is short, typically no more than a few weeks between April and May depending on your location.

Believe me when I say that they are GOOD. Ramps resemble scallions except that the leaves are large and flat at the top rather than tubular. I’d describe the taste as an earthy onion or leek with the flavor of tender young garlic dominating. The garlic smell is strong with this one — our entire apartment reeks of it when we’re preparing them as does anyone who consumes them raw.

Ramps are best used in place of leeks or onions. Look for recipes in which either ingredient is the star of the show such as potato and ramp soup, ramp pesto, ramp butter, or ramp pizza. I’m considering this Fiddlehead Ramp Risotto since we currently have both on hand.

If you happen upon a seller at a farmers’ market this weekend I suggest snatching a big bundle up as fast as you can — I arrived too late at my local market last week and missed out completely. This week I made sure to get there early and grabbed up 2 lbs so we would have enough to preserve and enjoy in the coming months. There was no way I was going to go without this year. We concocted a homemade spelt gnocchi with fresh pea and ramp pesto dish last spring that quickly became our favourite way to use them up. And then we each gained 10 lbs. I’ve been salivating over day dreams of that dish for an entire year. Of course I did not write it down as I made it, but will write it up here when I’ve got it figured out, again.

Preserving Ramps

There are lots of ways to preserve ramps, from canning to pickling to kimchi, but I prefer freezing. The leaves turn mushy and a little bit gross after freezing but the bulbs are fine. To get around the problem, I freeze the bulbs whole but turn the leaves into pesto.

  1. Slice off the roots and discard. Chop the bulb off and separate from the green leaves.
  2. Wash and dry the bulbs and freeze them whole, packed into freezable containers or baggies.
  3. Loosely chop the remaining green leaves and wash. Dry them thoroughly using a salad spinner or a towel.
  4. Finely chop the leaves in a food processor with a dash of salt and a few splashes of olive oil (about 3-4 cups leaves to a 1/2 cup of oil). The goal is to create a moist, spreadable paste. It shouldn’t be dripping, but it shouldn’t be dry either.
  5. You can add cheese and nuts to make a true pesto paste but I prefer to leave mine plain to keep it flexible for all sorts of uses.
  6. Pack into small baggies or small freezable containers and freeze. You can also portion it out by freezing in ice cube trays and later popping them into long term storage containers once they’ve formed into hardened cubes.

Cook small amounts of the bulbs and leaves together, or use separately as you see fit. The leaves tend to have a milder flavour than the bulbs, but are less flexible because of the added olive oil.

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Stinging Nettle Tea

Photo by Gayla Trail  All Rights Reserved

In my world, foraging goes hand-in-hand with gardening. Maybe it’s because the compulsion to do both comes from the same place in my brain (a fascination with the natural world and an interest in knowing how things work). Or maybe it’s because I am thrifty and can’t stand the idea of so much good stuff going to waste. I’m able to save money and find a second use for discarded objects by foraging for bits and bobs for my garden. I forage for fertilizers too. And come to think about it, it might also be because I am interested in how wild foods that were once valued have been denigrated and demoted through history from nourishing wild food to a lowly, undesirable weed and I want to know for myself if they really deserve that indictment (two words: they don’t).

Whatever my reasons, I can’t imagine gardening without foraging and vice-versa.

This year I’m making more of an effort than usual to keep on top of foraging for early spring plants. There are several that are only edible within a short window of time and I don’t want to miss any of them, as is often the case. This year I got started harvesting stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) earlier than ever, since this is one herb that absolutely MUST be harvested in the early spring while the plants are still young and tender, and BEFORE flowers start to appear. I want to stress the importance of that fact since you can damage your kidneys consuming mature nettle parts.

Unfortunately my secret spot is no longer accessible. I am often able to harvest bags of the stuff, but this year could only get half of one bag. I had intended to glean enough for a big batch of nettle soup and a couple of bundles to dry for tea. I managed to get enough for tea, but do not have enough to make soup.

And now this is where I introduce a disclaimer about how I am not a medical professional and am not certified to dish out medical advice, yadda, yadda, yadda.

That said, nettle tea is said to be a mineral-rich tonic that can help allergy sufferers fight the symptoms of seasonal allergies. It’s the kind of remedy that has to build in your system — you can’t expect to drink one cup of tea and find yourself symptom free. This year I decided that I would get an early start on the tea and see what happens. So far so good, but in all honesty I haven’t been drinking it long enough to consider any positive effects.

Be advised that the “stinging” in stinging nettle is there for a reason. Merely brushing bare skin against the plant can hurt. A lot.

If you plan to go out picking nettles I suggest bringing along the following:

  • A pair of leather gloves. I use the cheap workman’s gloves you can buy for just a few dollars at the hardware store. They’re bulky but the sting can not penetrate. It can penetrate through thinner cotton gloves. Take my word for it.
  • A sharp pair of scissors or pruners for harvesting.
  • A bag or bags for collecting the plants.

Wear the gloves whenever you handle fresh nettle parts (leaves or stems). The sting only goes away once the plant has been dried or cooked. Don’t wash the leaves if you intend to dry them or they’ll go brown. I bundle mine up, wrap with twine, and hang in a dark, well-ventilated spot. I do wash the parts that are used in soup, but only if I intend to cook them up immediately upon returning home with a harvest.

You can find out more about stinging nettle and foraging in general under the newly added “Foraging” category.

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Together, Let’s Fight the Spread of Invasive Garlic Mustard (and Eat it Too)

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Another spring and a new crop of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is setting up camp for the season. We found a few small plants in the street garden cleanup last week and several at the community garden, many that were already much larger and lusher than any of the other cold hardy perennials growing there. And all of that despite the fact that this is my third year diligently removing every plant I find!

Now is the time to remove this highly invasive plant while it is still small and easy to pull. We learned the hard way last year that by May the roots are already enormous and deeply set. I took the above photo of an entire plant just a few days ago and the roots were already substantial.

Photo by Gayla Trail  All Rights Reserved
Here’s what the plant looks like right now. In the early stages it looks more like a common violet, but the distinctive garlic smell is unmistakable. Here are some photos of later stage plants for identification.

When removing the plant, be sure to pull up as much of the root system as possible. Pull when the soil is moist and loose and use a weeding tool if you have to. Destroy the plant, roots and all — do not put it into the compost bin! Or better yet, eat it. As I’ve mentioned before, that distinctive garlicy smell and flavor lends itself to all kinds of uses.

Free food!

Photo by Gayla Trail  All Rights Reserved
A jar of garlic mustard root “horseradish” that we made last spring.

My favorite way to eat it is lightly sautéed with some butter; however, we have tried making it into pesto by simply whizzing the leaves up in a food processor with a splash of olive oil and salt, and grating the roots into a horseradish substitute. The pesto is a bit bitter raw, I prefer it cooked. I’m thinking of using this year’s harvest to make “garlicy” mashed potatoes. The fake horseradish was okay, but since it took us several hours work washing and grating thin roots, I wouldn’t recommend it.

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