Your Questions Answered: Black Bottomed Tomatoes

Question: I am having a problem with some tomato plants in my back yard. The plants are growing good and strong and small green tomatoes are begging to grow. I looked at the bottom of one tomato and it is turning black. Can you please tell me what is causing this. There are several tomatoes on the vines of this plant, but only one tomato has this black section on it.
- George K.

Answer: Hi George,

Your black bottomed tomato sounds a lot like blossom end rot. I don’t have a picture of it to post but a quick search will bring up countless photographic evidence for identification. The reason I am ruling out other problems is because you describe your plants as healthy. Blossom end rot appears as a blackened, sunken spot on the bottom of green or ripening fruit. The plant itself rarely shows any signs of a problem. In fact some stricken fruit is found growing on plants that are exceptionally leafy and health. This particular brand of the condition is a symptom of excessively fertilizing with a high nitrogen fertilizer. In that case, much of the plant’s energy goes into producing big, healthy leaves, leaving little else for fruit production.

Blossom end rot is a very common condition said to be caused by a calcium deficiency, however in general the problem is not caused by a lack of calcium in the soil but inconsistent watering, drought, and uneven soil moisture making it difficult for the plant to draw nutrients up through the roots.

From your description it sounds like your tomatoes are growing in-ground however this problem is especially common for container grown plants since containers dry out quickly and can be difficult to keep consistently watered.

The good news is that the problem is easily fixed — future tomatoes grown on the same plant aren’t doomed to be diseased if you follow the advice below.

General Tips to Avoid Blossom End Rot

  • Amend poor soil by adding lots of organic matter like compost. This will provide better nutrition for the plants and make for soil that holds moisture well.
  • Water tomatoes deeply, but less frequently. This means give them A LOT of water when you do water rather than watering regularly but in small quantities.
  • Water more often once your plants start to produce fruit, continuing to water deeply each time. Tomatoes are a watery fruit, your plant will need lots to grow healthy fruit.

When Excessive Nitrogen is the Problem

  • Cut back on high nitrogen fertilizers like fish emulsion.
  • Add kelp meal or liquid seaweed to ergular waterings. You can even spray the blossoms with this mix when they first open.

Tips for Container Gardeners

  • When growing in a container, grow only one tomato plant per pot.
  • Choose a container that is appropriately-sized for the plant. Small busing and dwarf tomato plants will do in a hanging basket but most tomatoes have very deep and ample roots requiring lots of space. Garbage bins are the way to go.
  • Grow tomatoes in plastic pots when possible. Plastic retains water much better than terracotta, a difference that will become much more noticeable at the peak of summer drought.
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Grazings

Photo by Gayla Trail  All Rights Reserved

This post (I kind of hate that word to describe writing here) is going to be piecemeal, a quality that is indicative of my life right now as I float or rather scramble from one task to another in an attempt to keep up with the season and my workload. I’ve been trying to write something cohesive here for over a week now. “Just focus and write on one topic,” I say. And then I am up and off to do that thing that must be done immediately or taking reminder notes for future tasks that are later lost. I’m a multi-tasker by nature. I thrive when there are lots of physical and creative tasks to challenge me. It just makes writing in this space a bit tricky. The two don’t really go hand-in-hand. Things are probably going to be spotty here in the coming months as I try to negotiate these contradictions.

The other challenge to choosing a topic comes in the form of the many things I am not allowed to write about. The many assorted secretive magazine assignments, projects, things that rhyme with “look”, etc I am supposed to keep under wraps. Unfortunately, it seems that everything in the gardens is related to these secret projects this year. Tell me I can’t speak about or write about something and you can bet it will be the single focus of my thoughts. There is nothing else to discuss but that single thing or assortment of things. Nothing. And since I am not allowed to write or speak about the things I am most enjoying right now, I am left at a loss for words.

So… ummm… in the category of Things I Can Talk About….

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I made some stuff this weekend. A film maker was coming by on Sunday night to shoot the roof garden for a short film she is making and so I naturally thought, “Gee, I have nothing better to do, what with the fifty million things on my to-do list so why not make a skirt for the occasion!” I am often most inspired when time is limited. The skirt is a reworking of an old skirt that was so long and bulky it looked like wardrobe for “Big Love.” It had a useless and heavy piece that wrapped around the front like a faux wrap, making the skirt weigh a ton and not suitable for summer gear. So I took it apart, chopped it down, resized it, and put it together as a slightly a-line skirt. I then drew the little seedling illustrations onto potato halves and printed with fabric paint. I was a bit distracted, applying the first print askew so that the “seedlings” look more like Ginkgo leaves, but whatever. It works. The end.

I wanted to make good use of the potato stamps while they were still viable so I sewed up a new runner for our small table. It is dark chocolate brown (everything in brown!) with a light linen strip that I printed in green. I would take a picture to show you but the light isn’t right in the kitchen and I hate using a flash. And if I get up to do one more thing this post will never be done. I also sewed up coasters for the living room (did not use the stamp), a little catnip pillow for the cat (She actually rests her head on it!) and hemmed a curtain hung with a raw edge over a year ago. Getting shit done! And adding new tasks to the list. Woo!

Plantings

In the category of actual gardening… where do I begin? The community garden is pretty much planted. As far as this stage goes anyways. I have a few secondary things that I want to get in soon and there are a few seedlings currently residing in the roof’s “waiting area” that I REALLY want to squeeze in somehow. But how? I’ve cultivated quite a knack for making something out of nothing but there are two things I can’t make for the life of me: Making money grow on trees and making more space. The space is maxed out and can’t be maxed any further.

Photo by Gayla Trail  All Rights Reserved

The plant I especially can’t let go of is the ‘Haley’s Purple Comet’ tomato. The seeds arrived a little late so this seedling had a late start falling behind the other seedlings that were planted out long ago. I tried this variety at a tomato tasting party last year and HAD to have it. It produces the most delicious, small, dark purple fruit. Back in the 80′s when Halley’s Comet was coming around for its once in a lifetime world tour I got a cheap telescope for The Holidays and hoped with nerd-like enthusiasm to catch a glimpse of the comet despite the fact that it wasn’t really visible from our side of the earth. I never did see it but I did spend a few nights looking at the stars and the moon or gazing up from the top bunk of my bunk beds at the poster of the moon that came with the telescope that I had affixed to the ceiling with tacks. Sometimes those tacks fell on me in my sleep, that’s how dedicated I was to astronomy.

If I could allow my skin to be pierced in my sleep by falling tacks then damn it, I can find a spot for this tomato! The comet has a special place in my heart so how can I resist a dark tomato named after it? I have GOT to find a space for this plant but there is nothing that can give. There are no plants to be removed. There is no more space!! My last ditch attempt will be to get another container… to put where, I don’t know. It’s a horrible dilemma.

Cat Scat

Last week, on an impromptu late evening visit to the garden I laid down some fresh compost in an area I was set to plant later in the week. When I went back a few days later the local cat, whom we call Crazy, had used that spot for a litter box. Delightful! It wouldn’t be enough to simply remove the poo because once a cat has claimed that spot they like to go back to it again and again. And based on the evidence it was clear that Crazy REALLY liked that spot. Luckily this was just a casual visit. I hadn’t arrived with an arm full of seedlings to plant. Instead, a friend and I had stopped at the garden to sit under the trees with our coffees on the way back from the market. I had a couple of oranges in my sack so I peeled them and scattered the peels all over the area. It worked! When I arrived back a few days later the area was untouched.

The Roof

I’ve entered the home stretch! I’ve planted the bulk of it and cleaned up the mess. I was actually able to lay down our twig table runner and candles last night which marks the first time anyone has been able to use the seating area for its intended purpose since I started hardening off seedlings well over a month ago. We’ve been eating lots of salads and the peas are coming in strong. We’re just days away from the first ripe strawberry. I’m most impressed by my potato plants. They are already getting close to the top of the garbage can they are growing in. The Nicotiana alata flowered for the first time a few days ago and I’ve got peppers forming earlier than ever. Everything looks so lush and smells wonderful. I can’t help brushing my hands over the various smellerific plants every time I walk past them. who needs store-bought perfume when you have a garden?

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Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)

Photo by Davin Risk All Rights Reserved

The garlic mustard population is really getting out-of-hand at the community garden this year. I’ve discovered loads of it in unused areas of disturbed, lousy soil and it is expanding rapidly into the edges around plot beds. I was diligent in removing much of it last year so the population isn’t big enough yet to really get under my skin, but this plant is so prolific, and such an evil overlord taking over wherever it sets roots that I’m going to have to get at it with due diligence to avoid disaster next year.

For those who’ve had the good fortune of avoiding it, garlic mustard is an extremely invasive, biennial plant that was probably brought to North America by European settlers, most likely to be cultivated for food and medicine. And I can see why. It’s delicious stuff and the herb books are filed with useful garlic mustard-based remedies. The plant also over-winters nicely under snow, even in my region, which for settlers probably meant something green in the cold months. Unfortunately the plant got loose and has since become a bit of a botanical menace, encroaching on native woodland plants in many parts of the Eastern United States and southern parts of Ontario, Canada (where I live). In fact it’s become such a pain that local communities are starting to band together on special garlic mustard eradication days, going out into woodland areas in groups with the sole purpose of removing the plant.

But like I said, there is a bright side to this — we can use our mouths and stomachs to help keep this bad ass botanical in check. The leaves have a strong garlic flavor and the roots have a bit of a kick making them a good substitute for horseradish (incidentally also a menace). When pockets of it started to turn up in my own gardens last year I figured I might as well figure out some use for it while going through the pains of pulling it out. We’ve tried a few recipes but I am finding that I am as sensitive to this plant as I am to garlic itself. We’ve enjoyed it, but in much smaller quantities than are harvested. The other key to use that I have found is to mix it up with other ingredients. This tempers the bitterness, and in my case prevents digestive upset.

Photo by Gayla Trail  All Rights Reserved

While the leaves are bitter, young leaves can be eaten fresh in salads if you remember to harvest in the early spring. The plant is generally tastier BEFORE the flowers and seeds appear which is a good thing because it’s advised to get them out of the ground before the seeds have a chance to spread. It can also be sautéed or wilted like spinach. The garlic flavor goes nicely with butter. And mushrooms. Maybe with a pinch of salt and a splash of lemon. Yum. Pesto is a popular use since the bitter garlic flavor works nicely on pasta, no additional garlic required. Making pesto is also a good way to use up and store the plant for long term use. Just package it up and keep it in the freezer. Don’t worry about running out, for better or worse there will be plenty more next year.

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Touching Tomatoes

Photo by Gayla Trail  All Rights Reserved

They say that lightly brushing your hands against tomato leaves stimulates a growth hormone in the plant encouraging radial (aka stockier) growth. I’m still searching for a study that supports this but I chose to believe it regardless, which is why I spend some time each morning lightly touching my young tomato seedlings. I’m sure the extra attention helps them grow healthier too. Plus it just smells good.

Washing your hands before touching the plants is advised, especially if you are a smoker or come into contact with cigarette smoke since it is possible to transfer the tobacco mosaic virus to tomatoes through touch. Some people are mildly allergic to tomato leaves so its probably a good idea to wash your hands after contact too. And that concludes all the hand wash advising I am going to deliver for the next year. Because advisories freak people out and I am more interested in encouraging confidence than inspiring fear.

My little plants are all coming along well. I’ve got about 10 seedlings transplanted to larger pots and more waiting to be repotted. They’re not going to go outside for another month yet so they have lots of growing to do in the meantime. It’s interesting to note how differently each variety grows from the next right from the get-go. ‘Black Pear’ and ‘Purple Calabash’ are the leaders in height with ‘Czech’s Bush’ still reigning supreme as the stockiest plant I have ever grown.

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It’s a Monster. A Monster!

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The result of some interesting cross-pollination found at one of the farm stands at the Farmers Market this afternoon. I’ve seen some strange mixes in the past but let’s just say I don’t see anyone using this miracle of nature as the basis for a new-fangled variety.

I can just see the catalogue description now: “Long, striped green fruit with golden, disease-like pustules splashed across the surface.”

It’s actually kind of disturbing. In a fascinating way.

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